Sun's vice-president Rich Green said that Sun's ideal role with regard to Java was as an evangelist.
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On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of its JVM's core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.
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On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of its Java virtual machine (JVM) as free and open-source software (FOSS), under the terms of the GPL-2.0-only license. Sun generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System. At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process. In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. In 2006, for marketing purposes, Sun renamed new J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively. J2EE included technologies and APIs for enterprise applications typically run in server environments, while J2ME featured APIs optimized for mobile applications.
With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 – 1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. The Java 1.0 compiler was re-written in Java by Arthur van Hoff to comply strictly with the Java 1.0 language specification. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and file-access restrictions. It promised write once, run anywhere (WORA) functionality, providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1996. Gosling designed Java with a C/ C++-style syntax that system and application programmers would find familiar. Later the project went by the name Green and was finally renamed Java, from Java coffee, a type of coffee from Indonesia. The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. Java was steadily on the top from mid-2015 to early 2020. The TIOBE programming language popularity index graph from 2002 to 2022. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions.Īs of September 2022, Java 19 is the latest version, while Java 17, 11 and 8 are the current long-term support (LTS) versions. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license.
The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere ( WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifestĬLU, Simula67, Lisp, Smalltalk, Ada 83, C++, C#, Eiffel, Mesa, Modula-3, Oberon, Objective-C, UCSD Pascal, Object Pascal Īda 2005, BeanShell, C#, Chapel, Clojure, ECMAScript, Fantom, Gambas, Groovy, Hack, Haxe, J#, Kotlin, PHP, Python, Scala, Seed7, Vala, JavaScript, JS++
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